Arcturus Primitive Skills Institute

bushcraft herbal skills

Wintergreen: A Survivalist’s Ally

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Wintergreen is an evergreen plant native to North America and the Eastern Woodlands. Renowned for its potent medicinal properties, this plant’s leaves and oil contain methyl salicylate—a compound with remarkable pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects. Historically, Wintergreen has been used to address a wide array of ailments, including muscle pain, headaches, nerve pain, sciatica, arthritis, joint pain, menstrual cramps, colds, and flus. Beyond its pain-relieving abilities, Wintergreen boasts antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties, making it an invaluable resource in the wild.
At Arcturus Primitive Skills Institute, I’ve introduced many students to the delights of Wintergreen tea—a soothing, minty infusion that offers both flavor and medicinal benefits. Typically, students enjoy two or three cups, and I often brew this tea when dealing with headaches during camp. The plant’s dark green, waxy leaves and vibrant red berries make it easy to identify. While the berries are minty and edible, it’s said that consuming just one is equivalent to taking a single aspirin. Interestingly, the strongest medicinal properties are derived from Wintergreen leaves harvested between late winter and early fall, when they take on a purplish hue.
In one experiment, I combined an infusion of Wintergreen tea with a poultice of the same plant to treat my aching knee. Used in tandem, the tea and poultice proved highly effective at alleviating my pain—a testament to the plant’s dual functionality.
Preparing Wintergreen Tea:
  1. Gather a small handful of Wintergreen leaves (5–10 should suffice).
  2. Place the leaves on a hard surface, such as a skillet, clean log, or flat rock, and gently crush them using the back of your hatchet or knife. Alternatively, chop the leaves finely.
  3. Simmer the leaves in a cup of water to create the tea.
For brewing in the wild, I often use an improvised setup, such as an empty energy drink can suspended over a fire on a tripod stand. For an enhanced infusion, try adding White Pine needles and honey to your Wintergreen tea. This combination offers a powerful winter medicine, blending the vitamin C from pine needles (an immune booster) with antimicrobial, expectorant, and pain-relieving properties. The honey adds its soothing touch to the throat—perfect for colds and sore throats.
 

Purple Dead Nettle: The First Spring Medicinal Every Forager Should Know

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Today (April 2024) I did a video on the edible and medicinal uses of Purple Dead Nettle (PDN) as part of my series on Youtube called the Bushcrafter’s Pharmacy. PDN is an early plant, usually arriving in April. Due to it being an early plant it is a harbinger of spring. PDN usually is seen growing soon after Snow Drops. I will give you three places local to me where I find it growing: the softball field across from the cemetary off of Dowling Street in Montague, MI. I also spotted it growing on the ridge behind the wesco in Montague. In Whitehall, MI I have found it growing nearby the bike path behind the White Lake Library on the south end of Whitehall, as well as in forests. PDN has a square stem, giving a forager a clue that this plant is in the mint family, and because it is a mint it has carminative properties. The plant only lasts 6 weeks, April through May. The top of the leaves are a dusty purple color and become more green the further you go down. As the plant grows older, it goes from purple to more of a soft pink color. The flowers typically range from purple, pink and white. The leaves grow opposite each other and are heart-shaped. The plant is edible, but not tasty. It is packed full of nutrients and will keep you alive if you have to eat it on the fly. If you do have to eat it, try to make a salad out of it and other plants and ingredients. Then try to find some salad dressing. Medicinally, the whole plant is astringent and is therefore good for wet conditions (like bleeding). It is also diuretic making it good for kidney problems and UTIs. The plant is also styptic meaning it stops bleeding. The plant is antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory. These properties make PDN a good plant to choose for making a poultice for wounds. To make a poultice, mash it up with the butt of your knife or other implement. In a past class I used the butt of my atlatl, a technique that was used by ancient indigenous people. Once the plant is mashed up, apply the poultice to your cut or wound, then secure it in place with some type of make-shift bandage. If the plant is a little too dry for a poultice and it does not stick together, add some water to it from your canteen, or make a spit poultice by chewing it then applying it to your wound. In my video I used a cut strip of cotton t-shirt as my bandage. In my opinion, the most interesting thing about PDN is that it has antihistamine properties and can be used for allergy relief. As an allergy sufferer, I was glad when I first learned this about PDN. To make allergy medicine, I have found tinctures to be the most useful. To make a tincture using PDN, chop up the leaves of the plant, place them in a mason jar, then fill it to the brim with 180-proof grain alcohol. Seal it and let it sit for about 6 weeks. Once it is done, take 1-2 ml three times per day. This is why I call PDN the Claritin of the forest. In preparation for hard times, it is wise to stock up on allergy medication and PDN. PDN is an immune system modulator making it useful against colds and flu. It has an anti-inflammatory effect in the lungs. Although I have yet to try it, I would imagine PDN would work well with Mullein for lung ailments. If you need a laxative, make a tea out of PDN and drink it. Or you can use PDN to make a salve for any skin conditions. The plant is also nervine, meaning it calms the nerves. If you get a chance this early spring, try working with PDN. If you want to learn more about wild plants and survival skills, you have come to the right place. Go to my shop page and select the classes subcategory. I hope to see you at my class very soon. Train as if your life depended on it, because someday it will. I will see you in the wild! -Art

Fight the Flu: Must-Have Herbal Medicines for Winter Wellness

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This winter season, fight the flu with these must-have herbal medicines. Disclaimer, I am not a doctor or pharmacist; this information is for educational purposes only. Try them at your own risk. Now, let’s dive into it. A couple of weeks ago I had the flu pass through my household. As a result, I am finishing a video about cold and flu medicine. At the beginning of the video, I was on the mend and just coming out of the flu. You can see this in my face and demeanor. The medicine I describe is best used in the cold months. Use this when you can’t find other plants (beebalm, mullein, which are other great plants to use for lung ailments). I also did this video based on the season of its making, which was late winter to early spring. In the video, I start with White Pine. White Pine is native to Michigan and can be identified by its cluster of five pine needles. The needles are packed full of vitamin C. Pound-for-pound pine needles are said to have more vitamin C than a lemon. This high vitamin C content makes these pine needles an effective immune booster that was once used to treat scurvy. This vitamin C content is what makes my medicine an immune booster to help treat colds and flu. The needles are good for treating colds, flu, fevers, and your respiratory system. To aid your respiratory system, include some thin twigs with the pine needles when you make your infusion (tea). White Pine also has vitamin A and can boost your brain health. This tree also has antibacterial, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the video, you can see a small amount of sap flowing out of the tree. I describe how you can put the sap on cuts and use it for other first-aid applications. You can mix the sap with crushed charcoal from your fire and dead grass material to make bushcraft glue. The White Pine has other survival uses. During times of starvation, you can cut into the tree’s inner bark for food. Then cut it into strips and leave it on a rack to dry. Once dry, cut it into small sections and eat it. I recommend cutting it into a small cracker size. I admit it’s going to taste like pine sol, but it will get you through a famine. Herbalists like to talk about triangle formulas and Chinese medicine, but I am going to keep it more simple than that. Next we add Wintergreen. Wintergreen is a plant you can find on the forest floor throughout Michigan. I find it all over the ground at the location of my survival school. The leaves of Wintergreen contain methyl salicylate, which is the same chemical found in aspirin. Like aspirin, Wintergreen reduces fever, reducing pain and swelling (note how White Pine was also fever reducing and anti-inflammatory). Wintergreen can help with digestion (this makes sense, as Wintergreen is minty and minty things are often carminative) and can be used to relieve pain from arthritis, joint pain and rheumatism. Wintergreen often has a red minty berry attached, which you can eat. I have eaten these red berries many times ever since I was young. I have learned that eating one red berry is like taking one aspirin. In addition to medicinal uses, Wintergreen also simply makes a pleasant mint tea. In a 2023 class, I introduced my students to Wintergreen tea and offered to let them sample it. Afterwards, I had a student ask his girlfriend to make him a cup of the tea. I have made this tea on many occasions throughout the years and have found that the strongest medicine is made when the leaves of the plant are purple, which usually takes place in late winter to early spring. In the video, I point out a Wintergreen with purple on its leaves. In the past, I tried using Wintergreen like icy-hot and did an experiment with the plant. My knee was bothering me so I made a Wintergreen poultice and applied it to my knee. I then held it in place with a strip of t-shirt for external medicine. I then drank some tea for internal medicine. All I know is that somewhere between the two, it worked at eliminating my knee pain. Try this at your own risk. The final ingredient to my medicine involves raw honey. Raw honey helps with bronchial asthma, throat infections and in soothing a sore throat. Raw honey, like White Pine, is also an immune booster. Raw honey is also antibacterial and antifungal, which are reasons why it aids in wound healing (much like the sap of the White Pine). Raw honey can be applied directly onto cuts, wounds and is particularly effective with burns. Now, lets summarize the main qualities of our medicine. It is an immune booster and cough suppressant because of the pine needles and honey. It is anti-inflammatory because of the pine needles and Wintergreen, while the Wintergreen itself is a pain-killer. So, we have effectively created a cold weather cold and flu medicine that is an immune booster, cough suppressant, anti-inflammatory pain-killer. It is perfect medicine during the cold months when you are suffering from coughing, cold and flu. Take a sip, it also makes a wonderful tea. To learn more and to make medicine in the field, sign up for a class. I will see you in the wild. -Art

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