wilderness first aid

Usnea—Old Man’s Beard—is one of those wild medicines that seasoned Michigan foragers and hard core survivalists learn to spot long before they ever need it. Out in the backwoods around Manistee and the Great Lakes, you’ll see it swaying from conifers and old hardwoods like ghost green sinew, light as air but tough enough to stretch without snapping. When you’re miles from a trailhead and the nearest first aid kit is whatever you can scavenge from your pack, this stringy lichen becomes more than a curiosity. It’s a field tested ally. For generations, woodsmen, trappers, and modern bushcrafters have turned to Usnea as a reliable topical antiseptic and emergency wound dressing—one of the few things in the forest you can grab straight off a branch and put to work. Many call it nature’s antibiotic, and while that’s a folk nickname rather than a clinical claim, its long history of use speaks for itself.

What it is and where to find it

Usnea (Old Man’s Beard) is a fruticose lichen that grows as long, stringy, beard like tufts on branches and rocks. It often hangs from twigs in shady, humid stands—look for it on conifers and older hardwoods near lakes and wetlands in northern Michigan. Usnea is also an indicator of clean air and is common in less polluted forest pockets.

How to identify it by its stringyness

• Appearance: pale green to gray green strands, sometimes several inches to feet long.

• Pull test (definitive): a strand pulled apart reveals a white, elastic inner cord (the central axis) and the outer cortex flakes into pale green particles that feel slightly elastic. This “stringy” elasticity distinguishes Usnea from look alikes.

Why foragers and survivalists value it

• Primary traditional actions: antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti inflammatory, wound healing, analgesic, antioxidant. Usnic acid and polyphenols are the compounds most often credited with these effects; lab studies show activity against Staphylococcus and other gram positive bacteria.

• Practical survival uses: lightweight wound dressing, emergency antiseptic poultice, tinder in wet conditions (when dry), and a field antiseptic for minor cuts. Every part of the dried thallus has been used in folk medicine.

Simple preparations (folk recipes)

• Tea (infusion): 1 cup water : 1 teaspoon dried usnea. Bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer, cover 30 minutes, cool and strain. Traditional dose: up to 1 cup, 3× per day in folk practice (not a medical recommendation).

• Tincture: alcohol extraction of dried usnea for throat or topical use.

• Topical: powdered dried usnea in salves, creams, or as a poultice for minor wounds and infections.

Safety, limits, and evidence

• Major safety warning: usnic acid has been associated with hepatotoxicity, including severe liver injury and rare deaths after oral supplement use; regulatory and toxicology reviews document this risk. Do not take internal usnea preparations without consulting a clinician.

Foraging ethics and quick tips for Michigan

• Harvest sustainably: take small amounts from multiple trees, avoid rare species, and never strip entire clumps. Usnea regenerates slowly.

• Collect from clean air sites: avoid lichens near roads or industrial areas. Store dried usnea in a breathable container and label with location/date.

Bottom line: Usnea is a true field apothecary for Michigan foragers and survivalists—an easy to identify, stringy lichen with powerful topical antimicrobial uses—but internal use carries documented liver risks, so treat it as a traditional emergency tool rather than a substitute for professional medical care.

For more information and content visit: survivalschoolmichigan.com